The Plantagenets: The Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England

In 1330, Edward III and a group of supporters seized Mortimer and his closest allies and executed them for a list of crimes, including the murder of Edward II. Isabella was removed from power but given a pension and retained a diplomatic role. Edward’s decisive action showed promise.

Edward developed a deliberate culture of kingship, studying and channeling history. He built his image and connection to his nobility through tournaments and pageantry, offering social and military benefits. England was in a bad state following famines and turbulence; lawlessness abounded. Edward supported reforms and took advice. Justice was further institutionalized, establishing permanent offices in the counties.

Edward abandoned plans to re-establish royal authority in Ireland militaristically when rebellion erupted in Scotland. From 1333 to 1337, Edward campaigned fiercely, winning early victories. However, he couldn’t settle or enforce acceptance of his man on the throne. His opponents allied with France, who wanted sovereignty in Edward’s continental territories.

At a parliament in 1337, Edward stated his ethos of mutual support rather than conflict between king and magnates, sharing in the prestige and responsibilities of kingship. He distributed earldoms and honors, preparing a loyal backing for the looming prospect of war with France.